Análise geral do papel atual e futuro dos biocombustíveis nos transportes na União Europeia (UE)

  • Massimo Raboni University LIUC - Cattaneo
  • Paolo Viotti Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), University of Rome "La Sapienza"
  • Andrea G. Capodaglio Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia
Palavras-chave: biodiesel, bioetanol, políticas europeias, mobilidade sustentável

Resumo

A produção de biocombustíveis é fortemente reconhecida em todo o mundo como uma fonte de energia renovável para reduzir a dependência do mercado instável do petróleo. Bioetanol, o principal biocombustível produzido no mundo, é largamente utilizado para a mobilidade no Brasil, e também nos EUA, mas com diferenças de sustentabilidade, porque no Brasil ele é produzido a partir de um subproduto da indústria de cana-de-açúcar, enquanto nos EUA é fabricado com culturas alimentares. Biogás e biodiesel estão crescendo rapidamente, mesmo que em um nível muito menor do que o bioetanol. A União Europeia (UE) observa este assunto com grande interesse e, há dois anos, adoptou uma ampla estratégia para reduzir em 60% as emissões de dióxido de carbono no setor de transporte, até o ano 2050. A fim de alcançar esse resultado, será necessária a transformação do atual sistema europeu de transportes. A ambiciosa meta implicará em medidas complexas, incluindo a limitação do uso de combustíveis fósseis em favor de combustíveis renováveis. Este programa abre várias possibilidades de desenvolvimento dos biocombustíveis (ou seja, biogás, bioetanol e biodiesel). Para concretizar este avanço, é preciso se desenvolver tecnologias de nova geração em fase de experimentação (principalmente para a produção de bioetanol a partir de resíduos florestais), bem como a análise da sustentabilidade econômica e social desta nova fonte de combustível. Este artigo trata da utilização de biocombustíveis nos transportes no cenário europeu e mostra que a produção de biocombustíveis pode aumentar efeitos sociais negativos relevantes, principalmente ligados ao uso da terra para culturas energéticas em vez de alimentos com efeitos sobre o preço de mercado e da escassez mundial de alimentos.

Biografia do Autor

Massimo Raboni, University LIUC - Cattaneo
He earned his Master degree in Environmental Engineering in 2006 at the University of Pavia (Italy). In July 2010 he defended his PhD thesis in Civil Engineering on the “Numerical and experimental analysis of multiphysics phenomena” at the University of Pavia. The subjects dealt also with the analysis of two-phase flows and the oxygen mass transfer in activated sludge systems for wastewater treatment equipped with turbulent jets. Post-doc fellow at the: - Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Department of the University of Pavia (Italy), where he deepened the issues studied during the PhD programme (2010-2011); - Science and High Technology Department of the University of Insubria (Varese, Italy), where he worked in the field of the environmental and safety management of hazardous materials transport (2011-2013); - Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy), where he contributed to the study of an electrocoagulation process for the removal of phosphates and arsenic from both freshwater and wastewater (January-September, 2014). Since October, 2014 he is Assistant Professor at the University Cattaneo - LIUC (Castellanza, Italy) and coordinator of the didactic activities regarding the topic of the environment and safety. Teaching assistant since 2006 in various courses (i.e. hydraulics, fluid mechanics, applied ecology, environmental impact assessment, occupational health and safety, relevant accidents and risk analysis), he is now teacher of “Management of environment and safety in the industry” in the M.Sc course of Industrial Engineering at University Cattaneo - LIUC. During the period 2006-2008 he was also member of an Italo-Brazilian research team working on the development of the river Pojuca basin management plan (Bahia, Brazil) as water quality modelling expert.
Paolo Viotti, Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), University of Rome "La Sapienza"
Prof. Paolo Viotti is Professor at the Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering of University of Rome “La Sapienza”. From 1993 to 1999 he participated in the European Action COST 67 "Chemodynamics and Water Quality protection in Natural Porous Media" . In 2001 has been nominated in the Management Committee of the COST Action 629 "Assessment of fate, impact and indicators of water pollution in natural porous media at different scales". He acts also as referee for several international scientific journals in the field of Environmental Engineering such Ecological modelling, Transport in porous media, Water Research, Science of total environment, Waste Management and Research, Advances in Environmental Research The scientific activity of Prof. Paolo Viotti is mainly addressed to experimental investigation of transport and dispersion of reactive contaminants in atmosphere and in soil and subsoil. His scientific research has also been also devoted to the use of advanced numerical technique (i.e. artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms) as alternative methods to solve complex environmental problems.
Andrea G. Capodaglio, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia
Associate Professor in Sanitary Engineering. He also holds a position as Adjunct Professor at Marquette University of Milwaukee (USA) and a fellowship from the Research Institute of Waters (IRSA) of the Italian National Research Council. He graduated with honors in Civil Engineering-Hydraulics at the University of Pavia and defended his PhD at the Marquette University (Milwaukee, USA). His research interests deals with innovative technologies for water purification (membrane processes, microbial fuel cells), modeling systems and the environment (e.g. surface water and groundwater, air), risk assessment and environmental impact.
Publicado
08/12/2014
Edição
v. 10 n. 1 (2015)
Seção
Artigos

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